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Core Image
Core Image is a pixel-accurate, near-realtime, non-destructive image processing technology in Mac OS X. Implemented as part of the QuartzCore framework of Mac OS X 10.4 and later, Core Image provides a plugin-based architecture for applying filters and effects within the Quartz graphics rendering layer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Conceptual/CoreImaging/ci_intro/ci_intro.html )〕 The framework was later added to iOS in iOS 5.0 or later.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#releasenotes/General/iOS50APIDiff/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40011042 )〕
== Overview ==
Core Image abstracts the pixel-level manipulation process required when applying a filter to an image, making it simple for applications to implement image transformation capabilities without extensive coding. In a simple implementation, Core Image applies a single ''Image Filter'' to the pixel data of a given source to produce the transformed image. Each Image Filter specifies a single transform or effect, either built into Core Image or loaded from a plugin called an ''Image Unit''. Combined with preset or user-defined input parameters, the filter can be applied to the original pixel data without modifying it, thereby providing non-destructive image editing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://developer.apple.com/macosx/coreimage.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Conceptual/CoreImaging/ci_concepts/ci_concepts.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30001185-CH202-BCIHDIEG )〕
Like Photoshop, Core Image can apply multiple filters to the same image source. Instead of applying a series of filters individually, Core Image assembles a dynamic ''instruction pipeline'' so that only one calculation needs to be applied to the pixel data to achieve a cumulative effect. Applying the pixel operations associated with multiple filters can be achieved simultaneously and without a significant increase in processing time. Regardless of the number of filters, Core Image assembles the code for this instruction pipeline with a just-in-time compiler, which is executed by either the CPU or graphics card's GPU, whichever can perform the calculation faster.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/macosx-10-4.ars/15 )〕
Filters are written in the ''Core Image Kernel Language'', which shares a subset of commands with OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Reference/CIKernelLangRef/Introduction/Introduction.html )〕 When a compatible GPU is available, the Core Image compiler writes the instruction pipeline using GLSL, handling buffers and states transparently. Although GPU rendering is preferred, the compiler can operate in a ''CPU fallback'' mode, generating commands suitable for the current CPU architecture instead.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/GraphicsImaging/Conceptual/CoreImaging/ci_concepts/ci_concepts.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30001185-CH202-SW2 )〕 CPU fallback uses the vector processing capabilities of the current CPU or CPUs, and it is multi-processor aware. Thus, Core Image performance depends on the GLSL capabilities of the GPU or the processing power of the CPU. With a supported GPU, most effects can be rendered in realtime or near-realtime.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/macosx-10-4.ars/15 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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